Grammar

Present Simple (Subject + do/does) Look at the picture. Martina is a teacher, but now she is on the couch asleep. She is not teaching at school. (She is asleep.) but       She teaches high school students. (She is a teacher.) Teach(es)/read(s)/do(es) etc. is the present simple I/we/you/they   teach/read/do etc. He/she/it   teaches/reads/does etc. We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly (habits and routines), or that something is true in general (facts): Police officers keep our place safe and secure. We usually go shopping at weekends. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. The bank opens at 8:30 in the morning. Remember: I play football.     but       He plays basketball.       They teach Physics.      but         My mother teaches English. We use do/does to make questions or negative sentences: do      I/we/you/they    watch? does   he/she/it     play?

Present continuous or present progressive tense (Subject + am/is/are +verb + -ing) Look at the picture. Mr. Anderson is in his car.  He is on his way to work. He is driving to work. This means: he is driving now, at the time of speaking. The action is not finished. Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing is the present continuous: I | am   (= I’m) driving He/she/it | is   (=he’s etc.) reading We/you/they | are   (=we’re etc.) doing   I am doing something means I’m in the middle of doing it; I’ve started doing it and I haven’t finished yet: Please don’t make so much noise. I’ m trying to study for my exam. (not I try) A: ‘Where’s Jean?’   B: ‘She’ s having a shower.’ (not She has a shower) Let’s go out. It isn’t snowing any more. (not it doesn’t snow) (at a party)  A: Hello, Jack. Are you enjoying the party? (not Do you enjoy) B: Yes, I am. What’s all that noise outside? What’ s going on? (= What’s happening)

VOCABULARY about personality adjectives  Answer these puzzles for warm up. 1 She’s Spanish. She’s from … .  2 He’s Chinese. He’s from Beijing in … .  3  They aren’t Mexican. They’re British. They’re from … .  4 He’s Japanese. He’s from … .  5 They’re Korean. They’re from Seoul in … .  6 She isn’t German. She’s French. She’s from … .  7 They’re Canadian. They’re from … .  8 She’s Thai. She’s from Bangkok in … .  9 He isn’t Filipino. He’s Malaysian. He’s from … .  10. I'm not from .... Read and underline the personality adjectives used in the  conversations. Conversation 1  A This is my good friend Roman. He’s really friendly.  B Is he from Poland?  A Yes, he is.  Conversation 2  A These are my friends Mia and Diego. They’re really great.  B Are they married?  A Yes, they are.  B Are they Spanish?  A No, they aren’t. They’re from Mexico. Conversation 3  A This is my friend, Laura. She’s really cool.  B Is she Italian?  A No,

VOCABULARY about countries and nationalities Underline the countries and circle the nationalities in the following sentences. 1. She’s from Russia. She’s Russian.  2. They’re from Brazil. They’re Brazilian.  3. They’re from Spain. They’re Spanish.  4. They’re from Germany. They’re German.  5. They’re from Japan. They’re Japanese.  Pronunciation practice Russia, Brazilian, Spanish, Japan, Russian, Germany, Japanese,  German, Brazil, Spain • Check students if they are aware that the stress shifts from the second syllable in Ja | pan to the third syllable in  Jap | an | ese.  • Highlight the changing vowel sound in Spain /speɪn/ and Spanish  /ˈspænɪʃ/.  GRAMMAR be: positive and negative  LEN So where are you from? From New York?  TOM No, I’m not from New York. I’m from a town called Harlem.  L Hmm … Where’s that?  T Oh, it’s a town near New York. It isn’t very big.  L Oh, right. T So are you here with friends? L Yes, we’re a big group. We’r

Phrasal verbs and do, does, and did Like ordinary verbs, phrasal verbs form negatives and questions with  do, does, and did. Present tense questions In the present tense, questions are formed with do (except when the  subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or thing): Why do I always fall for losers? Do you sometimes doze off in class? Do we ever give in to pressure? How do these bottle tops come off? When the subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or thing,  does is used. Remember that the -s form of the verb is not used in  questions: Does this welding torch throw sparks up into the air? Present tense negatives In the present tense, negatives are formed with do not or don't  (except when the subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or  thing): I used to doze off while driving, but I don't anymore. I think he has the flu because you don't usually throw up when you

Separable and non-separable phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help you to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable. Separable phrasal verbs Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or placed after the particle. Both sentences below are correct: I took my shoes off. I took off my shoes. However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particle: I took them off. I took off them. (incorrect form) But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the phrasal verb has two objects: She put a blanket on. She put on a blanket. She put a blanket on the bed. She put on a blanket the bed. (incorrect form) Nonseparable phrasal verbs Nonsepara